tell 是不规则动词,过去将来时里面 tell 有两种主流结构,分别是 would tell 和 was were going to tell,核心含义是站在过去的时间点,预判过去那个时刻之后将要发生的告知 讲述这个动作,很多学习者容易混淆一般过去时 told 和过去将来时,一般过去时是动作已经做完,过去将来时是过去视角下的将来计划或者预测,考试单选 宾语从句是这个考点高频出题位置,尤其是主句为过去时态,从句时态需要往前推移,也就是时态呼应规则,掌握结构变形 句式转换 宾语从句应用 否定疑问形式之后,就能吃透 tell 过去将来时,写作和语法题不会混淆。
一 基础词法信息
| 项目 | 内容 |
|---|---|
| 动词原形 | tell |
| 过去式 | told |
| 过去分词 | told |
| 过去将来时结构 1 | would tell |
| 过去将来时结构 2 | was were going to tell |
| 补充结构 | was were about to tell |
二 两种核心结构深度讲解
第一种 would tell
would 是 will 的过去式,后面固定接动词原形 tell,这个结构侧重过去视角下的预测 意愿,不强调已经安排好的计划,单纯表示从过去看,之后会告知对方。
例句 He said he would tell me the truth 他说他会告诉我真相
这个句子主句 said 是一般过去时,宾语从句使用过去将来时 would tell,是典型时态呼应。
第二种 was were going to tell
这个结构侧重过去已经计划 打算好,原本准备要告诉某人,有可能最后没有执行,带有原本打算但是未必实现的语感。
例句 She was going to tell us the news 她原本打算告诉我们这个消息
主语单数用 was going to tell,主语复数用 were going to tell。
补充结构 was were about to tell
含义是正要打算告诉,马上就要告知,强调动作临近发生,经常搭配 when 引导的并列句,表示正要做某事这时突发别的情况。
例句 I was about to tell him when the bell rang 我正要告诉他,这时铃声响了
三 否定句与疑问句变形
would tell 否定形式 would not tell,缩写 wouldnt tell
一般疑问句把 would 提前 Would he tell you 他会告诉你吗
was were going to tell 否定 was were not going to tell
一般疑问句把 was 或者 were 提前 Was she going to tell us 她原本打算告诉我们吗
四 宾语从句核心考点
过去将来时最常出现在宾语从句,规则就是主句谓语是过去类时态,从句如果原本是一般将来时 will tell,从句就要改成过去将来时 would tell,这个就是时态一致原则。
原句 He will tell her 他会告诉她
改成宾语从句 He said he would tell her 他说他会告诉她
这个转换是中考 高中语法高频考题,一定要记住 will 变成 would,tell 保持原形,不能写成 would told,这是最常见错误。
五 易混时态对比表
| 时态 | 结构 | 含义 |
|---|---|---|
| 一般将来时 | will tell | 站现在角度,将来会告知 |
| 过去将来时 | would tell | 站过去角度,之后将要告知 |
| 一般过去时 | told | 告知这个动作已经完成 |
六 高频易错点
1 would 后面错误写 told,would 是情态类助动词,后面必须接动词原形 tell
2 分不清 was going to tell 和 would tell,was going to tell 强调预先计划,would tell 侧重预测意愿
3 主句是现在时的时候,从句不能强行改成过去将来时,只有主句是过去时态才触发时态呼应
4 忽略主谓一致,复数主语后面必须搭配 were going to tell,不能错用 was
【常见问题】
问题 1 tell 过去将来时里面 would 后面为什么不能写 told
回答 1 tell 过去将来时里面 would 属于 will 的过去式,后面固定搭配动词原形,所以只能是 would tell,不能写成 would told,这是单选高频错误点。
问题 2 tell 过去将来时一般在什么句子里面出现
回答 2 tell 过去将来时最常出现在宾语从句,主句谓语是过去时态,从句原本是 will tell,按照时态呼应规则转换成 would tell,也就是站在过去时间视角描述之后将要告知的动作。
问题 3 tell 过去将来时 was going to tell 和 would tell 有什么差别
回答 3 tell 过去将来时里面 was going to tell 强调过去提前计划好打算告知,有可能最后没有执行,would tell 侧重过去视角下的预测或者意愿,不重点强调提前安排计划。
【免责申明】
本文是 tell 过去将来时基础语法解析,适用于中学英语考试,特殊虚拟语气里面 would tell 和过去将来时形式相同但是语义不同,区分需要结合语境,正式答题请以教材语法规范为准。


